Here are the major causes of infertility in women:
🧬 1. Ovulation Disorders
When eggs are not released regularly from the ovaries.
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
- Thyroid problems (hypo/hyperthyroidism)
- Premature ovarian failure
- Hyperprolactinemia (high prolactin levels)
🧫 2. Tubal Factors
Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes prevent sperm from reaching the egg.
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- Tuberculosis
- Previous ectopic pregnancy
- Endometriosis
🏥 3. Uterine or Cervical Issues
Problems in the uterus or cervix interfere with implantation or sperm movement.
- Fibroids
- Polyps
- Uterine septum or adhesions (Asherman’s syndrome)
- Cervical stenosis or hostile cervical mucus
🩺 4. Endometriosis
When uterine lining tissue grows outside the uterus, causing inflammation and damage to pelvic organs.
⚖️ 5. Age-related Factors
Fertility declines with age, especially after 35 years, due to reduced egg quality and quantity.
💊 6. Hormonal Imbalances
Irregular levels of hormones like FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone affect ovulation and menstruation.
⚠️ 7. Lifestyle Factors
- Obesity or being underweight
- Smoking or alcohol
- Stress
- Poor diet
- Excessive exercise
🧬 8. Genetic or Chromosomal Conditions
- Turner syndrome
- Fragile X syndrome
- Other inherited reproductive disorders
🧪 9. Unexplained Infertility
In 10–20% of cases, no exact cause is found even after tests.
