Why does Tuberculosis (TB) occur? Know the Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs, but it can also spread to other parts of the body like the brain, kidneys, and spine. It is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
✅ Causes of Tuberculosis:
- Bacterial Infection: TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Spread through Air: When a person with active TB coughs, sneezes, or talks, the bacteria can spread through airborne droplets.
- Weakened Immune System: People with weakened immunity (due to HIV, malnutrition, or diabetes) are more vulnerable.
- Close Contact: Living or working in close quarters with an infected person increases risk.
- Poor Living Conditions: Overcrowded housing, poor ventilation, and poverty contribute to TB spread.
⚠️ Symptoms of TB (usually in the lungs):
- Persistent cough for more than 2–3 weeks
- Coughing up blood or sputum
- Chest pain
- Fever and chills
- Night sweats
- Fatigue and weakness
- Loss of appetite and weight loss
💊 Treatment of Tuberculosis:
TB is treatable and curable with a strict course of antibiotics over 6 to 9 months.
🔹 Common TB Medications:
- Isoniazid (INH)
- Rifampicin (RIF)
- Ethambutol (EMB)
- Pyrazinamide (PZA)
These are often taken together under the DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course) strategy, recommended by WHO.
🛑 Important Notes:
- TB treatment must not be stopped midway; otherwise, drug resistance can occur (MDR-TB).
- People exposed to TB should get tested even if they have no symptoms.
- TB vaccines (like BCG) are given to infants in many countries to provide some protection.
🩺 When to See a Doctor?
If you have a persistent cough, fever, weight loss, or fatigue for several weeks — especially if you live in a TB-prone area — consult a healthcare professional immediately.
